Agricultural Engineering / Angle of Repose & Friction
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LABORATORY 26 · AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Static & Dynamic Angle of Repose and Grain-on-Surface Friction Coefficients

Measure the static and dynamic angle of repose of agricultural grains using a circular heaping platform and determine grain-on-metal sliding friction coefficients on a tilting plane. Explore interactive farm machinery simulation, irrigation hydraulics, and agricultural engineering telemetry.

FARM MACHINERY · SOIL & WATER · POST-HARVEST · STRUCTURES

Your virtual agricultural engineering laboratory.

CONICAL GRAIN HEAP HEIGHT H—
FIELD & TEST CELL TELEMETRY

Ready to sample with Radius R = 20.0 cm.

20.0 cm
Crop: Clean wheat (12.5% moisture)

Adjust Radius R, then execute agricultural trial.

Agricultural engineering telemetry and biosystems states are evaluated rigorously using 64-bit IEEE 754 precision. Residuals reflect ordinary least-squares regression across successive observations. Continuous data structures support high-fidelity agricultural and environmental modeling.

Agricultural assumptions and boundary condition limits

Small laboratory platforms (R < 10 cm) exhibit edge effects where individual kernel size forms a significant fraction of radius. Evaluated using dry clean wheat grain on a circular retained platform (target angle of repose θ = 30.0°, tan 30° = 0.5774).

Agricultural apparatus & field instrumentation sensors.

Circular Base Grain Repose Platform Set

Interchangeable circular acrylic disks with base radii from 10 to 35 cm and sharp overflow edges.

Overhead Central Gravity Discharge Funnel

Pours grain vertically into the center of the platform from a fixed drop height.

Vernier Height Gauge with Point Tip

Measures the central peak height H of the conical grain pile with 0.1 mm precision.

Tilting Plate Friction Apparatus

Inclinable plane with galvanized steel, stainless steel, and rubber surfaces and digital protractor.

Electronic Angle Inclinometer (0.1°)

Measures angle of inclination α at which grain mass begins sliding.

Grain Catch Pan & Sieve

Collects overflow grain for re-circulation.

FOLLOW THE METHOD

A reason behind every step.

Measure the static and dynamic angle of repose of agricultural grains using a circular heaping platform and determine grain-on-metal sliding friction coefficients on a tilting plane. Standardized parameter settings: 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0 cm.

01

Platform Leveling & Funnel Centering

Mount the 10.0 cm radius circular platform on the rigid test base, verifying horizontal level with a bubble spirit level. Center the discharge funnel 10 cm above the platform.

02

Grain Heap Formation

Fill the funnel with clean wheat, release the bottom gate, and allow grain to pour continuously until excess grain rolls off all sides and a stable symmetrical cone is formed.

03

Peak Height Measurement

Carefully lower the vernier height gauge point to touch the exact central apex of the conical grain pile, recording cone height H (cm).

04

Radius Stepping

Repeat the conical formation on circular platforms of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 cm radius, measuring cone height H for each base radius.

05

Tilting Plate Friction Test

Place a bottomless wooden box filled with grain onto the horizontal galvanized steel plate, slowly elevating the plate with the lead screw until the box begins sliding, logging the friction angle α.

06

Repose Tangent Linear Regression

Plot cone height H against radius R, perform linear regression through the origin, and determine the slope tan θ to calculate the angle of repose θ = arctan(slope).

YOUR NOTEBOOK · 0 OBSERVATIONS

Turn measurements into agricultural engineering insight.

See a complete example report ↗

Points are your recorded observations. The solid regression line validates Angle of Repose & Friction mathematical scaling.

LINEAR REGRESSION FIT · y = mx + b
H = tan(θ) · R = 0.5774 · R
#Circular Heaping Platform Base Radius R (cm)Conical Grain Heap Height H (cm)Platform base radius R (cm)Conical heap height H (cm)Remove

No readings yet. Execute an agricultural trial and record it.

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Explain what the agricultural metrics mean.

If the slope of the H versus R regression line is 0.5774, what is the angle of repose θ?

Why is the dynamic (emptying) angle of repose typically steeper than the filling angle?

What minimum hopper bottom slope is typically specified for self-cleaning grain discharge chutes on galvanized steel?

How does increasing moisture content affect grain angle of repose?